Consignment refers to an arrangement where goods are placed in the care of a store until a buyer purchases the item. The owner of the goods — the consignor – retains ownership of the items until they sell. When the item sells, the shop or person who sold the product — the consignee — would pay the owner an agreed-upon portion of the proceeds from the sale. So, you might be asking yourself: How does consignment work and if it is a viable option for my small business? This article will touch explore the mechanics of consignment, its benefits and drawbacks, and provide insights to determine if it aligns with your business model and goals.
First, let’s take a look at how consignment works.
Here’s a word from Ann Eckhart about how to make money at a consignment store:
How Does Consignment Work?
How consignment works is pretty straightforward. Consignment, as a retail practice, offers a unique sales model.
Here’s a breakdown with some examples:
- Traditional Consignment Shops:
- Example: A consignor provides a second-hand shop with a doll’s house to sell.
- Process: The item remains in the shop until it sells.
- Pricing & Payment: If the price tag of the toy is $20 and it sells, the shop keeps 50% of the sale price. The owner of the item then receives 50%, which is $10.
- Vehicle Consignment Dealers:
- Example: These dealers specialize in selling vehicles on behalf of owners.
- Process: The dealer manages the sale process from advertising to closing the deal.
- Pricing & Payment: Instead of taking a percentage, these dealers might charge a flat fee upon the successful sale of the vehicle.
- Artisanal Products:
- Example: A jewelry maker who predominantly sells her creations online.
- Process: She might partner with a consignment store to display and sell her products in a physical setting, offering local customers the chance to view and buy her pieces.
- Pricing & Payment: The terms of payment would be negotiated, often as a percentage of the sale price, but sometimes as a fixed rental space or fee.
In all these scenarios, the original owner (consignor) retains ownership until the item sells, at which point the consignee (shop or dealer) pays them according to their agreement. This arrangement can offer increased visibility and sales opportunities for the consignor while providing a diverse product range for the consignee without upfront inventory costs.
How Small Businesses Can Use Consignment
If your small business does not have its own shop or physical place to sell goods, an option could be to sell your products on consignment. To strengthen their stock, many retailers are willing to accept new items on consignment. You would effectively be lending a store your products to sell on your behalf.
A consignment contract differs from a wholesale deal in that you are not selling your products to the store. The retailer is acting as a third party, an intermediary working on your behalf to generate compensation from the sale, which is typically from around 20 — 60%.
Benefits of Consignment for a Small Business
The principal benefit of consignment is that it enables small businesses to sell their goods without the expense of having their own storefront. Paying rent for a store and payroll for staff to manage the shop without the guarantee of making sufficient sales is costly as well as risky, and for many small businesses, isn’t a feasible option.
Consignment gives small businesses the opportunity to sell their goods without having to pay rent on premises and staff. Instead, the consignee pays the costs in return for compensation when the products sell.
As well as being able to sell products on a physical sales floor, a consignment contract puts your products in front of customers and prospective customers, thereby raising awareness of your brand and products.
On the flip side, if a small business owns a shop, selling on consignment allows them to sell a wider range of products. This can attract more customers and help differentiate them from the competition.
Types of Small Businesses That Can Use Consignment
Any small business that sells products that could be physically placed in another store could potentially use consignment to their advantage.
Businesses specializing in clothing, toys, accessories and other popular store items can do well with consignment contracts. Craft businesses making homemade items such as cards, jewelry and artwork are also good candidates. These businesses wouldn’t have the financial means or volume of goods to open their own shop and typically sell online. But they can rely on consignment to put their items in front of customers in a physical store.
The Cons of Using Consignment
The biggest disadvantage of selling your products through consignment is that you don’t get to keep all the profit. Consignees can take as much as 60% in compensation for selling your products, costs which need to be factored in when determining how much it costs you to make or purchase the items in the first place.
With consignment, you won’t receive any money until the items sell. This could potentially prove problematic for cash flow requirements, and you, therefore, need to manage cash flow carefully to avoid running into such issues.
If your goods become lost or stolen while in a store, it could cost you out of pocket. It is, therefore, important that you ensure your consignment agreement notes who is responsible for lost or stolen goods.
Of course, consignment wouldn’t work for service-led small businesses. Nor would it work well for any products not generally sold in retail stores or not able to stand out well from other retail products in a store setting.
It is important to remember that consignment only works well if and when your products sell, so relying solely on consignment contracts may not be sufficient for the successful running of your business.
Steps for Setting up a Consignment Shop
Setting up a consignment shop involves a mix of strategic planning, legal formalities, and effective marketing. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you establish your consignment business:
- Research and Planning:
- Understand the consignment industry, current trends, and your local market.
- Decide on a niche or specialty, such as clothing, furniture, toys, or art.
- Business Plan Development:
- Outline your business objectives, target audience, marketing and sales strategies, and financial projections.
- Consider factors like startup costs, operational expenses, and revenue projections.
- Choose a Suitable Location:
- Look for a location with good foot traffic, visibility, and accessibility.
- Ensure the space is adequate for displaying items and storage.
- Legal Formalities:
- Register your business with the local and state authorities.
- Acquire necessary licenses and permits.
- Open a business bank account.
- Consider getting insurance for the store and consigned items.
- Consignment Agreement:
- Draft a clear consignment agreement. This should detail terms such as the percentage you’ll keep from sales, the duration items will be kept before being returned, and the condition items should be in.
- Consult with a lawyer to ensure it covers all potential scenarios and is legally sound.
- Store Setup:
- Design the interior to be welcoming and to effectively showcase items.
- Invest in quality shelving, racks and display units.
- Implement a reliable point-of-sale (POS) and inventory system.
- Build Relationships:
- Network with potential consignors. Attend local craft fairs, flea markets and other events.
- Foster good relationships with consignors by maintaining transparent communication.
- Marketing and Promotion:
- Develop a branding strategy, including a catchy name, logo and consistent theme.
- Use social media, local advertising, and possibly an e-commerce website to promote your shop and its products.
- Consider hosting events or sales to attract more customers.
- Operational Protocols:
- Determine your policies on item acceptance, pricing, markdowns, and unsold items.
- Train your staff on customer service, inventory management, and sales techniques.
- Ongoing Management:
- Regularly review your inventory. Rotate and refresh displays to keep the shop looking fresh.
- Solicit feedback from both consignors and customers to continuously improve.
- Monitor financials closely to ensure profitability and growth.
- Expansion Considerations:
- As your business grows, consider expanding to new locations, offering online sales, or diversifying the product range.
Remember, success in the consignment business hinges on trust. Being transparent, fair, and communicative with both consignors and buyers will pave the way for your shop’s success.
The table below provides a concise overview of the steps. You can use the key focus areas essential for a checklist for setting up a successful consignment shop:
| Step | Key Components/Focus Areas |
|---|---|
| Research and Planning | – Industry understanding – Market trends – Niche selection |
| Business Plan Development | – Business objectives – Financial projections – Marketing strategies |
| Choose a Suitable Location | – Foot traffic – Visibility – Space adequacy |
| Legal Formalities | – Business registration – Licenses & permits – Business bank account & insurance |
| Consignment Agreement | – Sale percentage – Item return policy – Item condition standards |
| Store Setup | – Interior design – Display units – POS and inventory system |
| Build Relationships | – Networking with consignors – Transparent communication |
| Marketing and Promotion | – Branding (name, logo) – Social media & local ads – Events & sales |
| Operational Protocols | – Item acceptance criteria – Pricing & markdowns – Staff training |
| Ongoing Management | – Inventory review – Customer & consignor feedback – Financial monitoring |
| Expansion Considerations | – New locations – Online sales – Product range diversification |
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